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Gradient Descent

High School

Definition

An optimization algorithm that iteratively moves in the opposite direction of the gradient to find the minimum.

Formulas

x_n+1 = xₙ - α ∇ f(xₙ)

Gradient descent update rule

α

Learning rate (step size)

Examples

Example 1

Minimize f(x) = x² using gradient descent (x₀=5, α=0.1).

Applications

Machine Learning

Neural network training

Statistics

Maximum likelihood estimation

Economics

Cost minimization

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